I'm a first time user to these forums and will appreciate any help that you can offer. I've mostly been doing landscape and some street photography but now I want to get involved in event photography. Currently I'm living in Tokyo and from what I've seen at the exhibitions and trade shows here, a lot of photographers prefer to use a fixed-position flash bracket that places the flash right next to the lens. While photographers in the US seem to prefer using swing brackets that allow the flash to be positioned at any angle. From what I've researched, it seems that it is best to mount the flash high above the lens to minimize red-eye and also direct any shadows toward the ground so that they won't be caught in the picture. Mounting the flash next to the lens seems to be the worst position possible if you're trying to reduce red-eye.
So my question is that if it is better to position the flash above the lens, what are the advantages, if any, of mounting the flash next to the lens? With so many photographers here using these brackets, there must be a reason why but I have yet to find an answer to it.
Thank you all for any help you can offer.