Ok, To shrink what everyone has said down to what you are still confused about...

If all you want to do in protect, only use the UV filters which depending on the manufacturing method may degrade the quality. You will have to look at the pictures they take to find that out as i cant look at them myself.

I would carry at least 1 of each. I would carry the #8,1,2,10 (In order of how much light they block, not considering other attributes of the filters)

At the bare minimum i would carry the #8 and 10, keeping the #8 on the lens for protection and switching to the #10 if I wanted less glare from a lake or less shiny sky, more deep blue in it...

Essentially all the fancy jargon can be summed up into...
Polarised (Less glare, deeper colors, less light, protection)
UV (less glare, less light, protection)
ND (Less glare, deeper colors, less light all on half the screen, the other half with less glare, protection)

Just put a UV filter on the camera and take whichever other filter you seem to get nice results with, with you. I would personally keep the other 8 as you might use them later but if you want to, give them to others.