Domestic Hunter [focus advice]

[E.T.]

Any comments appreciated on this one.

I do have questions regarding the ability of cameras to focus on both the foreground & background of images. Is this primarily a lense characteristic? It seem to me the "norm" for focusing can be done on only one or the other [fore or background] . Yet I notice some the "big boys" seem to be able to produce images that retain both foreground & background in focus, often covering sizeable distances too!

A good example that comes to mind, though video, is the TV ad for Claritin Allergy relief . A woman holds up pill showing "Claritin" stamped on tiny 1/4" pill in focus of foreground, while colorful background scene stays in focus. What hardware makes this possible [lense]?

In my pic, feline was primary focus [background], yet out of focus leaves [foreground] are only inches away from subject. Is low end lense the cause?.